A Painter, an engineer and an architect, Luigi Vanvitelli was the forerunner of Neoclassicism. He was one of the protagonists of ‘700 architecture. He was the son of the Dutch painter Gaspar van Wittel, and in 1701 his family moved to Rome, where he received a very eclectic education, from arts to letters to science and humanism. It is said that, at the age of six, he started to paint and began his painter career with The Altar Piece of SS. Cecilia and Valeriano (about 1725, Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, Rome). Under the influence of Filippo Juvara, of ancient arts and of the Renaissance, he started his most important activity: the architecture of St. Peter’s factory in the Vatican since 1726. He was claimed in the Marche region, where Pope Clement XII asked him to participate to the building of the papal factories, and he was also claimed by Charles III Bourbon in Naples, in order to build the magnificent Royal Palace of Caserta. The Palace, started in 1752, is designed on a rectangular plant and mixes different styles: a linear façade, built according to classic schemes, set against spectacular, stage effect solutions, with great decorative and chromatic effects and marble coverings. During his long stay in Naples, Vanvitelli made numerous architecture designs and decorations of brilliant imagination (the Royal Palace, Caserta; San Martino Museum, Naples).